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Q1
Briefly, discuss the findings in a study conducted by Donner et al.,  (2016) pertaining to the relationship between self-control and police  misconduct. In doing so, discuss Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990)  general theory of crime as it is relative to self-control theory and  police misconduct.
Donner, C. M., Fridell, L. A., & Jennings, W. G. (2016). The  relationship between self-control and police misconduct: A multi-agency  study of first-line police supervisors. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43(7), 841-862.
Q2

Briefly  discuss the effectiveness of consent decrees and Section 14141 of the  Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. In doing so,  describe the legal provision that allowed the Department of Justice DOJ  to intervene when allegations are made that constitutional policing is  not followed as a matter of patterns and practices.
Alpert, G. P., McLean, K., & Wolfe, S. (2017). Consent decrees: An approach to police accountability and reform. Police Quarterly, 20(3), 239-249.
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

 

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Step-by-Step Guide for Answering the Questions

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Q1: The Relationship Between Self-Control and Police Misconduct

1. Brief Overview of Donner et al. (2016) Study:
   • Summary: Start by briefly explaining the purpose of the study by Donner, Fridell, and Jennings (2016). The study aimed to explore how self-control relates to police misconduct, specifically focusing on first-line police supervisors across multiple police agencies.
   • Key Findings: Discuss the study’s findings, which suggest that lower levels of self-control among officers were correlated with higher levels of misconduct. The researchers found that supervisors with lower self-control tended to engage in more unethical or inappropriate behaviors, which could set a negative example for their subordinates.
2. Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory of Crime:
   • Theory Explanation: Introduce Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) general theory of crime, focusing on the concept of self-control. According to their theory, individuals with low self-control are more likely to engage in impulsive and risky behaviors without regard for potential negative consequences.
   • Connection to Police Misconduct: Explain how this theory applies to police misconduct, noting that officers with low self-control may be more prone to unethical behavior, including excessive use of force, corruption, and violations of department policies.
3. Discussion:
   • Connect the findings from Donner et al. (2016) with Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory, discussing how a lack of self-control in police officers might lead to an increased likelihood of engaging in misconduct. Emphasize the broader implications of the theory in understanding and addressing police behavior.

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Q2: Effectiveness of Consent Decrees and Section 14141 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

1. Consent Decrees:
   • Explanation: Start by briefly defining what consent decrees are. Consent decrees are legal agreements that require a police department to make specific changes or improvements, often aimed at addressing patterns of misconduct or violations of civil rights.
   • Effectiveness: Discuss the effectiveness of consent decrees as described in Alpert et al. (2017). These decrees often lead to improved police practices, better training, and enhanced accountability. However, challenges include resistance from police departments, slow implementation, and the need for ongoing monitoring to ensure compliance.
2. Section 14141 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994:
   • Legal Provision: Introduce Section 14141, which allows the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) to intervene when a police department is found to have patterns of unconstitutional policing, particularly when such practices violate citizens’ rights.
   • Department of Justice (DOJ) Role: Explain how the DOJ can step in to investigate, sue, and implement reforms in police departments that exhibit systematic violations of constitutional rights, such as excessive force, racial profiling, or unlawful detention.
3. Summary:
   • Summarize the effectiveness of both consent decrees and Section 14141 in fostering police accountability and reform. Discuss how these mechanisms are essential in addressing systemic issues within police departments and improving constitutional policing.

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Formatting Tips:

• Word Count: Aim to keep each answer concise, around 300-500 words per question.
• APA Style: Ensure that both in-text citations and the reference list follow APA 7th edition formatting.
• Clear Structure: Use headings and subheadings to break down the information and make it easier to follow.

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Reminder: Use the study materials to support your responses, ensuring that you cite sources properly.

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