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How did internal systems like the timar and millet systems, along with external pressures such as European economic and military advancements, contribute to the Empire’s weakening?

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Essay – The Ottaman Empire
Based on your understanding of the Ottoman Empire’s history and the provided article, discuss the key factors that contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
How did internal systems like the timar and millet systems, along with external pressures such as European economic and military advancements, contribute to the Empire’s weakening?
The decline affected the basics of Ottoman state structure. It coincided with the rise of Europe. In the 17th century, the Ottoman army start losing its power. The Europeans took the monopole with the trade with India, China and penetrated in the Ottoman markets. A number of unfavourable for the Ottomans trade agreements, called Capitulations, gave to the Europeans a footstep for aggressive trade policy. The Europeans started to sell their goods in the empire in a very high price. The empire soon became short of gold and silver. Silver-based monetary system of Ottomans was shaken with the discovery of the New World; the inflation became a serious problem. The Ottoman army, artisans and producers suffered under the new economic conditions.
The specific timar system was another source of problems. It became an obstacle to development of long-term agrarian practices. In cultivation of the land, the Ottomans remained well behind the Europeans.
The millet system, the autonomy of the communities in the frames of the empire, the inability to integrate conquered people into one Ottoman nation with Ottoman self-consciousness, was something that also played a critical role in disintegration of the empire and in formation of national feelings among the peoples in Ottoman provinces in 19th century.
There is another important factor explaining the reasons of Ottoman decline. It is the lack of receptivity. Islamic civilization was profoundly convinced of its superiority. This was a brake against the innovation and implementation of new practices. The West started to move ahead – new technologies, deep political reforms and intellectual awakening – the European transition to modernity and industrialism passed unnoticed by the ruling Ottoman class in the 17th and early 18th centuries.
(https://www.themontrealreview.com/2009/The-Ottomans.php)

Struggling with where to start this assignment? Follow this guide to tackle your assignment easily!

This step-by-step guide will help you structure and write your essay on the decline of the Ottoman Empire based on the provided article. Follow these steps for an organized, well-argued, and insightful paper:

1. Understand the Assignment Requirements

Topic: The Ottoman Empire’s decline.
Key Points: Discuss the internal systems (timar and millet systems) and external pressures (European economic and military advancements) that contributed to the weakening of the empire.
Word Count: Ensure your essay meets the required length of 500-750 words.

2. Start with a Strong Introduction

Introduce the Topic: Provide a brief introduction to the Ottoman Empire and its historical significance.
Thesis Statement: Your thesis should clearly state the factors that contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire. Example: “The decline of the Ottoman Empire was a result of both internal weaknesses, like the ineffective timar and millet systems, and external pressures, such as the rise of European economic and military power.”

3. Body Paragraph 1: Internal Systems

Timar System: Explain the role of the timar system in the empire’s decline, particularly its failure to promote long-term agricultural development and the negative effects on military power.
Millet System: Discuss the limitations of the millet system in fostering unity among the diverse populations within the empire, and how it contributed to the rise of national sentiments.

4. Body Paragraph 2: External Pressures

European Trade and Military Advancements: Explain how European dominance in trade, including the loss of monopoly over trade routes, contributed to the empire’s weakening.
Capitulations and Economic Consequences: Discuss the Capitulations agreements, the rise of aggressive European trade policies, and their negative impact on Ottoman economic stability.

5. Body Paragraph 3: Technological and Cultural Lag

Lack of Innovation: Discuss how the Ottoman Empire’s resistance to adopting Western technological, political, and intellectual advancements led to a stagnation in development, which contributed to its decline.
Cultural Superiority: Explain how the belief in the superiority of Islamic civilization hindered the empire’s ability to adapt to modernity.

6. Provide Evidence and Citations

Use the Article: Ensure to reference the article provided, especially when discussing the timar system, millet system, and external pressures.
Cite Properly: When making arguments, cite the article at least three times. Use the appropriate citation style as required (MLA, APA, etc.).

7. Conclude with a Strong Summary

Restate Key Points: Briefly summarize the internal and external factors that contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
Final Thought: End with a concluding remark on the historical significance of the empire’s decline and its lessons for modern empires or nations.

8. Proofread and Edit

Check for Clarity: Ensure your ideas flow logically and that each paragraph supports your thesis.
Grammar and Style: Review your work for grammar, punctuation, and style issues.
Final Check: Ensure that the essay adheres to the required word count and formatting guidelines (Times New Roman, 12-point font, double-spaced).

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